2013年12月7日雅思写作真题
观光事业不可破坏文化与环保
ielts360toefl@hotmail.com 谢振礼
真题大意：20131207
>In recent years, "responsible tourists" have paid attention to preserving both culture and environment of the places they visit. Some people say that it is impossible to be a "responsible tourist". To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience to support your opinion.
实验范文：谢振礼原创
These days, the campaign for responsible tourism sounds as beautiful as an act of dancing, but it really takes two to tango. Figuratively, the two--hosts and visitors--ought to move simultaneously in rhyme with tourist sustainability. Such sustainability can only happen if all partners involved pay attention to increasing the benefits of the tourism industry and reducing the negative impact on the local culture and the natural environment.
To begin with, for local people to have responsible tourists, it is important to upgrade the satisfaction level of holiday-goers. That is to say, the benefits of tourists should be maximized as an attempt to boost the sight-seeing business. By so doing, local people are able to provide more enjoyable experiences for visitors. As hosts they are also supposed to be culture-sensitive and eco-friendly, earnestly keeping in good conditions such sites of tourist interests as famous temples and shrines, historical ruins, churches, museums, old palaces and buildings, as well as beaches, rivers, lakes, resorts, and so on. In other words, positive contributions should be made to the conservation of natural and cultural heritage, and ultimately to maintenance of the world's diversity. Interestingly, some people ask if it is possible to be a "responsible" tourist, they might as well ask if it is possible to be a "responsible" host.
No less important, tourist sustainability demands that the negative effects as a result of visitation should be minimized, referring invariably to preserving both culture and environment of the places they visit. It is expected that tourists can greatly enjoy their holidays and at the same time consciously appreciate the culture of the local people and also respect the local environment. As a whole, tourist behavior can be more or less responsible, so what is responsible in a particular place depends on environment and culture, of course. For example, tourists should think twice before purchasing a real object of cultural heritage or a gift item made of endangered species in that particular destination. Further, they should be mindful of local traditions and customs as well as environmental protection and rejuvenation. Needless to say, a "responsible" traveler should refrain from spoiling the scene--refraining from dressing inappropriately, drinking excessively, consuming illegal drugs, littering, using polluting transport systems, etc.
Generally speaking, all tourism businesses have positive and negative impacts locally, to be sure, but tourist sustainability maximizes the benefits and minimizes the negative effects of tourism. On the one hand, it is necessary to generate profits for the tourist destinations; and on the other hand, it is also necessary to make as low damage on the environment and local culture as possible. Finally, the twin objectives are to make the tourist destinations better places for tourists to visit and to make these host communities better places for local people to live. (Essay by Jeenn Lee Hsieh ielts360toefl@hotmail.com)
谢振礼：托福-雅思 Opinion Essay 引言
Introduction=Thesis-Focus-Signposting
ielts360toefl@hotmail.com Jeenn Lee Hsieh
英文论说文写作的格式应该是越死板则速度越快，简直是把作文问题想成是填充题， 等于一个萝卜一个坑。猫头鹰在线写作实验室ielts360toefl@hotmail.com 发布360篇+英文写作范文，每一篇都是18句话，填充到死板的起承转合。想来，格式可以死板，英文造句但求生动。
英文作文的开头最为重要，因为成功的引言可以引导读者(或考官)贯通全文。考托福作文，考雅思作文，既有字数的下限，又有时间的压迫，如果速度偏慢，真怕是写不完。再说，作文的格式如果搞不通，则英文造句寸步难行。所以说，假设应用英文的能力不足，那只是英文的问题，另当别论;假设作文的格式不牢靠，这又加上了一个作文格式的问题，保证双重吃亏在眼前。
论说文(Opinion Essay)的要点之一就是话不离题(主题)。在格式上，最好写四段18句：起3承6转6合3。起=引言 (Introduction)，承+转=中体 (Body A+Body B)，合=结论 (Conclusion)。引言是论说文的缩影;结论是引言的倒影。起中有合;合中有起。首段引言的作用为预告中体两段的内容。尾段结论的作用为归纳中体两段的内容。你写论说文的时候必须从首到尾不离开主题 (Thesis)。
引言：你说你想要说什么主题。
中体：你说出道理来支持主题。
结论：你说你说过了什么主题。
什么是主题呢?你回答问题的立场就是文章的主题。你的立场可以脚踏一边，或者脚踏在另外一边，或者脚踏两条船。立场不论错对，指轮支持。你的立场如果缺乏道理来支持，显然站不住脚。
你到底拿出什么相关的道理来支持主题呢?你所知道的道理不外乎是个人的知识 (Knowledge) 与经验 (Experience)。另外，从知识与经验中提出的支持--理由 (Reasons)，例子 (Examples)，细节 (Details)--必须和主题息息相关 (Relevant)，说起话来有自圆其说的逻辑 (Logical Argument)。没有逻辑的论说文就是语无伦次，因为主题不知去向。
自圆其说的思路肯定是绕着360度的圆圈，因为起点也是终点。起点是主题，终点也是主题。每一个圆圈一定有一个圆心。圆心可以说是主题的焦点。通常主题的范围偏大，所以有必要缩小话题而成为议论的中心。行文时若全然心存主题的焦点，则句句都在圆圈之内，绝对不至于跑题而不知所云。
每当考生针对独立作文考题来答题，先自定立场。有了立场就有主题。主题有了自定的焦点，好处多多。焦点既定，立刻可以从焦点上也自定中体两段的中心句(Topic Sentence)，称之为指标句(Signpost Sentence)。中体承段的内容绝对支援承段的指标句。中体转段的内容也绝对支援转段的指标句。只需要从焦点上独立的提出两个指标。中体两段的技巧是话分两头。一头为承段;一头为转段。
谢振礼老师的引言老套：三句话
引言第一句》申论主题 Thesis (表明立场)
引言第二句》集中焦点 Focus (缩小话题)
引言第三句》话分两头 Signposting (引导内容)
结论三句话是引言三句话的倒影：
结论第一句》二合为一
结论第二句》还原焦点
结论第三句》重申主题
