我们这次选取的是TPO第三套的一篇文章，题目就叫做Architecture(建筑)。这篇文章主要从宏观角度讲解了建筑的定义以及技术革新对建筑的影响，最后文章举了“拱形结构”的实例并突出这是建筑史上的重要突破。
接下来我们就来看看同学们常错的一些题目：
首先是第一题：
According to paragraph 1, all of the following statements about architecture are true EXCEPT:
○Architecture is visual art.
○Architecture reflects the cultural values of its creators.
○Architecture has both artistic and scientific dimensions.
○Architecture has an indirect effect on life.
这是一道细节题，我们在审题的时候要特别留意“EXCEPT”这个词，那么我们可以通过排除法来解题。最后我们可以发现只有最后一个选项与原文不符，原文的句子是“Of all the visual arts, architecture affects our lives most directly for it determines the character of the human environment in major ways.”，所以最后一个选项是这道题的答案。做这种题的时候大家一定要细心，一个选项一个选项地进行排除，千万不要着急。
另一个常错的题目是第五题：
The word “devised” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○combined
○created
○introduced
○suggested
这道题是一道词汇题。词汇题直接考察我们对于词汇的理解。我们先来定位原文，“devised”所在的完整句子是“The world's architectural structures have also been devised inrelation to the objective limitations of materials. ”。这句话里面的关键词是also。因为有also，所以我们要接着看前一句，“In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meetits purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discoveredthem—even while building materials have changed dramatically.”，这句话说明建筑的产生应该是一个从无到有的过程，所以B选项create最合适，A选项是联合，C选项的意思是介绍/引进，D选项是建议/表明，全都不正确。
接下来，我们再看另外一道词汇题，也就是第十题：
The word “arduous” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○difficult
○necessary
○skilled
○shared
首先我们可以把句子定位于第六段的第二句话“In the past, whole cities grew from the arduous task of cuttingand piling stone upon.”。通过对原文的理解，difficult是最佳答案。有些学生会问为什么不选skilled?原文中提到的“cutting and piling stone upon” 意思是切割和堆砌石头，切割是需要技术的，而堆砌是不需要的，所以不能选skilled。而necessary和shared是两个干扰选项。
最后，我们来看看第十二题：
According to paragraph 6, which of the following statements is true of the arch?
○The Romans were the first people to use the stone arch.
○The invention of the arch allowed new architectural forms to bedeveloped.
○The arch worked by distributing the structural load of a building toward the center of the arch.
○The Romans followed earlier practices in their use of arches.
这道题问的是四选项对于arch/拱形结构的描述哪一个是正确的。我们需要逐一分析选项。
A选项不正确，或者说是以偏概全，原文的句子是“it was the Romans who first developed and used the arch extensively in above ground structures”;
B选项正确，因为原文最后一句“ The arch is among the many important structural breakthroughs that have characterized architecture throughout the centuries.”这个句子里breakthrough的意思是突破;
C选项说反了，是一个干扰选项;
D选项属于无中生有，原文没有提到followed earlier practices，也属于干扰选项。
以上就是学术中心的老师对于这篇文章常错问题的解析。接下来，我们为大家送上建筑学词汇表。
architecture
建筑，建筑学
architect
建筑师
planning proposal
计划建议书
standards and codes
标准规范
basic data for design
设计基础资料
scheme, draft
方案
feasibility study
可行性研究
preliminary design
初步设计
basic design
基础设计
detail design
详细设计
enquiry drawing
询价图
working drawing
施工图
roof ridge
屋脊
slope
坡度
pitch
坡跨比
water-shed
分水线
rain water pipe
雨水管
roof drainage
屋面排水
interior drainage
内排水
exterior drainage
外排水
water-proof course
防水层
brick wall
砖墙
bearing wall
承重墙
non-bearing wall
非承重墙
fire wall
防火墙
glazed wall
玻璃隔断
composite panel
复合板
sandwich board
复合夹心板
concrete floor
混凝土地面
cement floor
水泥地面
staircase
楼梯间
spiral stair
旋转梯
architectonics
建筑原理
architectural style
建筑形式
civil architecture
民用建筑
urban architecture
城市建筑
ancient architecture
古代建筑
modern architecture
现代建筑
standardized building
标准化建筑
city planning
城市规划
extension
扩建
reconstruction
改建
fire-prevention
防火
quake-proof
防震
traffic volume
车流量
pedestrian volume
人流量
perspective drawing
透视图
building model
建筑模型
natural lighting
天然采光
unit cost
单位造价
principal architect
首席建筑师
chief engineer
总工程师
以上就是有关建筑类词汇的相关内容，希望对你的托福考试会有一定的帮助，最后祝愿大家在即将到来的托福口语考试中能够取得优异的成绩。
