6.定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区别
类 别 | 区 别 | 例 句 |
定语从句 与 并列句 | 定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。 | ①Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer． ②Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer． 从结构上看，①小题是定语从句，故填whom； ②小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词 them。 |
定语从句 与 状语从句 | 定语从句的前面有名词作先行词，而状语从句没有先行词。 | This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这是几年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行词为the place） Let’s go where we can find a better job. 我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句） |
定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词，只能放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以放在主句的前面。 | Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句） It was already five o’clock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five o’clock. 当下课时己经是5点了。（时间状语从句） | |
When, where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词＋which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时却不行。 | This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked. 这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。（定语从句） Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处。（状语从句） | |
定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉它则从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。 | It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。 （as用作动词like的宾语，它引导的是定语从句） It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都喜欢它。 （that不充当句子成分，故它引导的是结果状语从句） | |
定语从句 与 同位语从句 | 定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容,与先行词之间是同位关系。 | The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy. 她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。（同位语从句） 此句中的同位语从句 The news that she had passed the exam 可以改写成表语从句：The news is that he passed the exam. The news that he told us interested all of us. 他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。（定语从句） The news that he told us 是定语从句，此句不能改写为：The news is that he told us. |
定语从句 与 强调句 | 强调句的结构为“It is／was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替 that。 | ①It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang Wei at the airport． ②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works． 从结构上看： ①小题是强调句，故填 that。 ②小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知the factory前差个介词in，故填 where。 |
此外还要注意下列两点：
▲定语从句与习惯句型
用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①It is the first time _____ she has been in Shanghai.
②It was the time _____ Chinese people had a hard life.
解析：这里①小题是一个习惯句型，其结构为：It is/was the first/second ... time +that从句。故①填that，其意为：这是她第一次在上海。②小题the time是先行词，其后是表示时间的定语从句，故填 when。
▲定语从句与简单句
用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①The mother told the lazy boy to work，_____ didn't help.
②The mother told the lazy boy to work._____ didn't help.
解析：含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于：前者有主句，有从句，必须有关系词;而后者则是两个单独的句子，不需要任何关联词。①小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词，显然应是主从句关系，因此需用关系词which，前面整个句子作先行词;②小题则填It，代替前面的整个句子。解题时，注意标点符号的运用。
【高考预测】
1. ______ is known to us all is that Shenzhou VII has launched for the first spacewalk successfully.
A. That B. What C. It D. As
2. Barack Obama delivered a speech to 500 local youths during his visit to China, many of _______ were from
Fudan University and Tongji University.
A. them B. whom C. which D. those
3.Most of us still wonder _______ it is _______ makes those honest peasant workers, without being paid at all, resign themselves to the bosses.
A. what; that B. /; what C. that; what D. /; that
4. — Join us in the party tonight, would you?
— Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t, ______ I ______ the content of some reports with my boss.
A. for; have discussed B. because; will be discussing
C. before; discussed D. when; will have discussed
5.—I’m going to New York for further studies next term.
—Congratulations! ________ you’re there, can you keep me e-mailed?
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
6. Probably no man had more effects on the daily lives of people in the United States ________ Henry Ford ________.
A. as; was B. than; was C. than; did D. as; did
7. There are a lot of students in the reading room, most of with their eyes on and their heads bent over their books.
A.whom; fixing B.them; fixed C.whom; fixed D.them; fixing
8. Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations ________ appear in the working world.
A. where B. when C. that D. what
9. Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage is __________ makes a difference.
A. that B. what C. which D. whatever
10. —Do you have any idea of rugby?
—Abosolutely. It is a sport ______ players hold the ball and run with it.
A. which B.when C.why D.where
11. What was it _________ caused the modem nations to change their mind _________ they should help to preserve the Roma’s history?
A. /; why B. that; that C. that; / D. what; that
12. We went to the Lincoln Memorial yesterday, , not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world. A.where B.which C.that D.when
13. It was the very place _________ the soldiers fought over sixty years ago.
A. that B. which C. where D. there
14. Hardly ______ when the bus suddenly pulled away.
A. they had got to the bus stop B. they got to the bus stop
C. did they get to the bus stop D. had they got to the bus stop
15. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced______ tractors in 1998 as the year before.
A. as many twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many D. twice as many as
16. You can fly to UK this morning _____ you don’t mind changing planes in Hong Kong.
A. because B. provided C. unless D. so far as
17. It’s the same in China---many people, _____some are not overweight at all, are always going on diets
or taking weight-loss pills, ______ are often dangerous.
A. whose; which B. of which; who C. of whom; which D. who; that
18. Is _________ 48 hours _________ the man-made satellite _________ is made in our country to orbit the planet around?
A. it; that; where B. it; when; that C. it for; that it takes; that D. it; that it takes; which
19.Is _________ 48 hours _________ the man-made satellite _________ is made in our country to orbit the planet around?
A. it; that; where B. it; when; that C. it for; that it takes; that D. it; that it takes; which
20. _____ occurred to me that the murder happened ____ a rainy day.
A. What; in B. What; on C. It; in D. It; on
